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Hayo, Everlyne, 2018. Attitudes to feed fermentation for aflatoxin management in maize in Kenya : investigating aflatoxin reduction by yeast-fermentation. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: SLU, Department of Molecular Sciences

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Abstract

Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain strains of fungi belonging to the species Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus during infection in the field, post-har-vest, storage and processing. Aflatoxins are found especially in maize and also carry over into milk when contaminated feeds are fed to dairy cows. Feed fermen-tation could possibly be used to reduce the level of aflatoxin in animal feed. The project investigates, with survey interviews, if Kenyan farmers are willing to use novel fermentation methods to reduce the level of aflatoxin. The project will give better understanding of the farmers’ opinions and situation. The survey part involved 184 smallholder farmers in urban and peri-urban areas in Kasarani and Kisumu.

Feed fermentation for aflatoxin reduction is not well researched. To address this approach the second goal of this project was to investigate how different yeasts could be used to degrade aflatoxins in Kenyan maize. A laboratory pilot-trial was performed to find out if yeast-based feed fermentation of aflatoxin-contaminated maize might degrade or otherwise reduce toxin levels. Aflatoxin in the control treat-ment should have been constant during the incubation period, because the maize is dry and stable, and in the control would not be affected by addition of water or different yeasts. However, since the maize sample in the bottle was not homogene-ous, each treatment, including the control, showed variation in aflatoxin content. The water added to the fermentation treatments was not sufficient to support good growth of inoculated yeasts or other microbes which could ferment the maize, so no clear effect of fermentation was observed.

The survey revealed that feed fermentation (or silage making) is not commonly practiced in Kenya. During the survey, it was found that only 22% of the farmers practice feed fermentation and that they desire more knowledge about it. According to the survey 95% of the Kenyan farmers were positive about using a specific yeast for feed fermentation.

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Aflatoxiner är toxiner som produceras av vissa svampstammar Aspergillus flavus och Aspergillus parasiticus vid infektion på fältet, efter skörd, förvaring och bear-betning. Aflatoxiner finns främst i majs men också i mjölk när förorenat djurfoder ges till mjölkkor. Fermentering kan eventuellt användas till att reducera nivån av aflatox-iner i djurföda. Projektet undersöker med hjälp av intervjuer om kenyanska bönder är villiga att använda nya fermentationsmetoder för att reducera nivån av aflatoxiner. Projektet ger en bättre uppfattning om jordbrukarnas åsikter och situation. In-tervjudelen innefattar 184 småskaliga bönder i urbana och stadsnära områden i Kasarani och Kisumu.

Foderjäsning för reducering av aflatoxiner är inte väl utforskat. För att adressera detta var det andra målet med detta projekt att undersöka hur olika jästar kan anvä-ndas för att bryta ned aflatoxiner i kenyansk majs. Ett laboratorieförsök gjordes för att ta reda på om jästbaserad foderjäsning av aflatoxinförorenad majs kan bryta ned eller annars minska toxinhalten. Aflatoxin i kontrollbehandlingen bör vara konstant under inkubation, eftersom majsen är torr, stabil och inte påverkas av vatten eller andra jästarter. Eftersom majsprovet i kolven inte var homogen visade varje behan-dling, däribland kontrollen, variation i aflatoxinhalten. Vattnet som tillsattes till fer-mentationsbehandlingarna var inte tillräckligt för att stödja god tillväxt av inokule-rade jästar eller andra mikrober som skulle kunna jäsa majsen. Ingen klar verkan av jäsning observerades.

Intervjudelen uppdagade att foderjäsning inte brukar utföras i Kenya. Under un-dersökningen konstaterades att endast 22% av bönderna utför foderjäsning och de önskar mer kunskap om det. Enligt intervjudelen var 95% av bönderna positiva till att använda jäst i sin foderjäsning.

Main title:Attitudes to feed fermentation for aflatoxin management in maize in Kenya
Subtitle:investigating aflatoxin reduction by yeast-fermentation
Authors:Hayo, Everlyne
Supervisor:Hedén, Su-Lin and Lindahl, Johanna and Bakeeva, Albina
Examiner:Passoth, Volkmar
Series:Molecular Sciences
Volume/Sequential designation:2018:32
Year of Publication:2018
Level and depth descriptor:Second cycle, A2E
Student's programme affiliation:NY002 Agricultural Programme - Food Science 270 HEC
Supervising department:(NL, NJ) > Department of Molecular Sciences
Keywords:feed safety, food safety, dairy production, aflatoxin, contamination, maize, fermentation, yeast, Kasarani, Kisumu
URN:NBN:urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-9995
Permanent URL:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-9995
Subject. Use of subject categories until 2023-04-30.:Food contamination and toxicology
Feed contamination and toxicology
Language:English
Deposited On:22 Nov 2018 13:42
Metadata Last Modified:26 Feb 2019 14:14

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