Epsilon Archive for Student Projects

Abstract

Domesticated horses are often kept in environments that differ significantly from the wild environment for which they are adapted. Restricting highly motivated species-specific behaviours such as movement, foraging and social contact may lead to horses developing unnatural behaviours due to compromised welfare. The interest in using environmental enrichment to improve welfare and quality of life of horses kept in captivity is growing. However, there is limited knowledge existing regarding which enrichment methods are commonly used and to what extent these methods are supported by scientific evidence. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate which types of environmental enrichment are used by Swedish horse owners, identify their functions and evaluate their potential effects on horse welfare.
The study was conducted as a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of posts and comments published in the public Facebook group “Berikning för häst” between 19 February 2023 and 15 April 2026. Enrichment methods mentioned in the material were compiled, grouped, and analysed using existing scientific research and literature concerning equine behaviour, welfare, and environmental enrichment
A total of 37 different enrichment methods were identified. Feed-related enrichments were the most frequently mentioned, particularly branches. Additional scratching opportunities were the most frequently mentioned non-feed-related enrichment. Several enrichment methods were found to have scientific support for stimulating species-specific behaviours and fulfilling behavioural needs related to foraging, movement and social interaction. Some enrichments were also associated with positive welfare effects, including reduced stereotypic behaviours and increased opportunities to perform natural behaviours. However, certain enrichment methods were linked to potential welfare concerns such as frustration, abnormal posture, and disease transmission. Several enrichments lacked sufficient scientific evidence, making their function and welfare effects difficult to determine.
The results indicate that Swedish horse owners that are members of the Facebook group ”Berikning för häst” use a wide variety of enrichment methods, many of which are aimed at promoting natural behaviours and improving welfare. However, the findings also highlight the need for further research regarding the effectiveness and safety of several commonly used enrichments for horses.