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Eriksson, Hanna, 2024. Microbial dynamics of Swedish, industrially brewed kombucha and variations between starter cultures. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: SLU, Department of Molecular Sciences

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Abstract

Kombucha is an acidic, slightly alcoholic beverage made by fermenting sweetened tea. Kombucha is rising in popularity worldwide as a result of the alleged health benefits. Common microbes involved has been found to vary, but include yeasts, acetic acid bacteria, and occasionally lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the microbial population differed between three starter cultures from one industrial brewery of kombucha, what microbes could be found in one cellulosic biofilm, and how the microbial population of one batch of industrially brewed combucha altered from day 2 to 21 of fermentation, using samples obtained from a Swedish brewery. This was done by plating sample dilutions on differential media and counting the colony forming units, as well as by partial amplification and sequencing of the 16S and 26S RNA gene respectively. Concentrations of sugars and end products were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The starter liquids were found to consist of similar microorganisms but were not identical. The microbial population originating from the cellulosic pellicle was not as diverse as the most diverse starter liquid but had a greater microbial density. In the batch of industrially brewed kombucha, Brettanomyces anomalus was the dominating yeast throughout. Hanseniaspora mollemarum was found in samples from the first half of the fermentation period, and Zymomonas mobilis in the second. Sucrose equivalents decreased from 51.8 to 32.2 g L-1, while ethanol increased from 3.5 to 15.4 g L.1. The final concentration of acetic acid was found to be 3.0 g L-1. No acetic acid bacteria or lactic acid bacteria were identified, and no lactate was formed.

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Kombucha är en syrlig, något alkoholhaltig dryck tillverkad genom att fermentera te. Kombuchas popularitet ökar världen över, på grund av påstådda hälsofördelar. Mikrober delaktiga i fermentationen kan variera mycket, men innefattar ofta jäst, ättiksyrebakterier, och ibland mjölksyrebakterier. Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka hur den mikrobiella populationen skiljde sig åt mellan tre startkulturer från ett industriellt bryggeri av kombucha, vilka mikrober som kunde hittas i en biofilm, samt hur den mikrobiella populationen i en omgång industriellt bryggd kombucha förändrades från dag 2 till dag 21 av fermentationen, med prover inhämtade från ett svenskt bryggeri. Detta gjordes genom att sprida prover på differentierade medier och räkna koloniformande enheter, samt genom att partiellt amplifiera och sekvensera 16S och 26S RNA genen för jäst respektive bakterier. Koncentrationer av socker och slutprodukter mättes med högupplösande vätskekromatografi. Startvätskorna visade sig bestå av liknande, men inte identiska populationer av mikrober. Den mikrobiella sammansättningen från biofilmen var inte lika artrik som den mest artrika startvätskan, men hade en högre mikrobiell densitet. I omgången industriellt bryggd kombucha dominerade Brettanomyces anomalus vid alla tidpunkter. Hanseniaspora mollemarum kunde identifieras i prover från den första halvan av fermentationen, och Zymomonas mobilis i den andra. Sukrosekvivalenter minskade från 51.8 till 32.2 g L-1, medan etanol ökade från 3.5 till 15.4 g L-1. Den slutliga koncentrationen av ättiksyra uppmättes till 3.0 g L-1. Inga ättiksyrabakterier eller mjölksyrabakterier identifierades, och ingen mjölksyra kunde uppmätas.

Main title:Microbial dynamics of Swedish, industrially brewed kombucha and variations between starter cultures
Authors:Eriksson, Hanna
Supervisor:Müller, Bettina
Examiner:Passoth, Volkmar
Series:Molecular Sciences
Volume/Sequential designation:2024:09
Year of Publication:2024
Level and depth descriptor:Second cycle, A2E
Student's programme affiliation:NY010 Agronomprogrammet - livsmedel, för antagna fr.o.m. 2016 300 HEC
Supervising department:(NL, NJ) > Department of Molecular Sciences
Keywords:kombucha, microbial fermentation, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria
URN:NBN:urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-20133
Permanent URL:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-20133
Language:English
Deposited On:01 Jul 2024 07:48
Metadata Last Modified:05 Jul 2024 01:25

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