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Tåhlin, Emily, 2024. Studying gene expression scaling with cell size in Arabidopsis thaliana : the role of the nuclear RNA exosome complex. First cycle, G2E. Uppsala: SLU, Dept. Of Plant Biology

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Abstract

The scaling of organ size with body size - known as morphological allometry - is a
fundamental mechanism observed in all organisms (Mirth et al. 2016). Scaling mechanisms
have also been shown at a cellular level, with mRNA levels linearly scaling with cell size, but
knowledge about the cellular processes controlling it has been limited (Berry et al. 2022).
However, recent evidence in human cells suggest that nuclear mRNA transcripts - through a
negative feedback mechanism - inhibit transcription of Pol II, so that Pol II concentrations
remain constant in relation to cell size (Berry et al. 2022b). Here, we applied this hypothesis
to plants by studying how transcription scaling was affected by mutations disrupting the
nuclear RNA exosome complex in A. thaliana. We performed smFISH, and compared the
mutants hen2-4 and rrp4-2 with Col-0. We found that the mutants accumulated more
transcripts with increasing cell size than WT, but remarkably, the increased number of
transcripts in the mutants were found in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus. This suggests
that loss of nuclear exosome functionality - meaning decreased mRNA decay - results in an
increased nuclear mRNA export. This could mean that the cell is trying to minimize nuclear
transcript accumulation to prevent inhibition of synthesis of new mRNAs, indicating that a
negative feedback of nuclear mRNA is also operating in plants.

Main title:Studying gene expression scaling with cell size in Arabidopsis thaliana
Subtitle:the role of the nuclear RNA exosome complex
Authors:Tåhlin, Emily
Supervisor:Rosa, Stefanie
Examiner:Sundström, Jens
Series:Examensarbete / Institutionen för växtbiologi, SLU
Volume/Sequential designation:204
Year of Publication:2024
Level and depth descriptor:First cycle, G2E
Student's programme affiliation:None
Supervising department:(NL, NJ) > Dept. Of Plant Biology
Keywords:RNA, transcription, cell size, smFISH, Arabidopsis thaliana
URN:NBN:urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-19776
Permanent URL:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-19776
Language:English
Deposited On:15 Mar 2024 07:26
Metadata Last Modified:16 Mar 2024 02:01

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