Ingman, Caroline, 2009. Myrosinase activity in microorganisms and its possible health benefits for humans & potential antibacterial effect of marine biological waste products. SLU, Dept. Of Plant Biology, Uppsala. Uppsala: SLU, Dept. Of Plant Biology
|
PDF
726kB |
Abstract
Cancer is an illness that affects countless persons, either they themselves are afflicted or someone in their vicinity is. Research has shown that when glucosinolates – secondary metabolites in plants from the Brassicaceae family – are degraded in the stomach of animals via the enzyme (myrosinase), their metabolites can counteract the formation of tumour cells. However, the natural degradation in the stomach might not be sufficient, so it has been proposed that intake of microbes with myrosinase activity might be beneficial for the degradation of glucosinolates. This study was therefore conducted to search for microbes with myrosinase activity that might be safely digested.
Chosen bacteria were first screened for glucosinolate breakdown based on a barium sulfate test which was inconclusive due to difficulties to discern the precipitate. Three bacterial strains were thought to be indicative of precipitation and were incubated with either sinigrin or mustard extract. Glucose was measured as an indicator for how much glucosinolate had been degraded during the incubation. Due to inconsistency between the results it was not possible to deduce whether glucosinolates were degraded or if the bacteria themselves produced glucose via an alternative pathway.
Two strains of fungi were also tested for glucosinolate degradation using the barium sulfate screen containing sinigrin or vegetative extracts. L. maculans grew only on medium containing sinigrin while Botrytis grew indiscriminately on all media including the negative control.
Due to the difficulties in attaining accurate results it would be wise to try to achieve more exact measuring methods for myrosinase activity should this research venue be continued.
Resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem today that may cause havoc in the treatment of bacteria in the future. To solve this problem researchers have started looking towards marine organisms for antibacterial substances. The reason for the specific interest in marine organisms is that they represent a large biodiversity and have evolved separately from terrestrial animals for billions of years and should thus have novel molecules that could be used on new targets on bacteria. In this paper two samples from marine food processing were tested against several common microbes to see if they had any inhibitory effect.
The samples were either filtrated or heat inactivated before screening against bacteria using an agar diffusion assay along with positive controls and untreated samples. The samples demonstrated an inhibitory effect against most of the chosen bacteria but it was thought to be of biological nature rather than chemical since the inhibition was only discerned when untreated samples were used on the bacteria plates. Two fungal strains were also tested but no inhibition was found when screened with the samples whether they were filtrated or not.
The marine samples should be further tested since some inhibitory action against the bacteria could be found, but first it should be determined whether it is because of a new molecule or an already known structure.
,Cancer är en sjukdom som påverkar många människor, antingen är de själva sjuka eller känner någon som drabbats. Forskning har visat att när glukosinolater – sekundära metaboliter hos växter tillhörande Brassicaceae – bryts ner i magen på försöksdjur via ett enzym (myrosinas) kan deras metaboliter ha en inhibitorisk effekt på uppkomst av tumörceller. Den naturliga nedbrytningen kan dock vara för låg och därför har det föreslagits att intag av mikrober med myrosinas aktivitet kan vara gynnsam för nedbrytningen av glukosinolater. Denna studie utfördes därför för att finna mikrober med myrosinas aktivitet som kan ätas utan risk. Utvalda bakterier screenades för nedbrytning av glukosinolater via ett barium sulfat test vilket inte gav klara resultat pga. svårigheter att urskilja urfällning. Tre stammar förmodades dock kunna vara positiva för urfällning och inkuberades med sinigrin eller senapsextrakt. Glukoshalten mättes som en indikator för hur mycket glukosinolater som hade brutits ned under inkubationen. Variationer mellan resultaten gjorde det inte möjligt att påvisa om uppkomsten av glukos var pga. myrosinasaktivitet eller om bakterierna själva producerade glukos via en alternativ väg. Två svamparter testades även de för myrosinasaktivitet på medier innehållandes sinigrin eller växtextrakt via bariumsulfat testet. L. maculans växte enbart på medium som innehöll sinigrin medan Botrytis växte urskiljningslöst på alla medier inklusive den negativa kontrollen. Ska denna forskning fortgå vore det klokt att försöka hitta effektivare och mer exakta sätt att mäta myrosinasaktivitet eftersom det var svårt att få precisa resultat med metoderna i denna studie. Resistens mot antibiotika är ett växande problem idag som kan komma att orsaka problem i kampen mot bakterier i framtiden. För att lösa detta problem har forskare börjat söka efter antibakteriella ämnen hos marinlevande organismer. Anledningen till detta är att de har stor biodiversitet och har utvecklats separat från marklevande djur under miljarder år och borde därmed ha många oupptäckta molekyler som kan användas för att skapa nya antibakteriella måltavlor hos bakterier. I detta projekt screenades två marina provämnen mot flera vanliga mikrober för att undersöka om de hade en inhibitorisk effekt mot dem. Proven antingen filtrerades eller värmeinaktiverades innan de screenades via ett agar diffusions test mot bakterierna tillsammans med positiva kontroller och även obehandlade prov. Proven hade inhibitorisk effekt mot de flesta av bakterierna men antogs mer bero på någon biologisk komponent snarare än en kemisk eftersom inhibitionen endast uppstod när obehandlade prov användes. Två svampar testades även de, men proverna hade ingen effekt mot dem, vare sig de var filtrerade eller inte. Proverna borde fortsätta testas eftersom de utövade någon sorts inhibition mot bakterierna, men det borde först fastställas om inhibitionen är pga. en redan känd molekyl eller om det är en helt ny struktur.
Main title: | Myrosinase activity in microorganisms and its possible health benefits for humans & potential antibacterial effect of marine biological waste products |
---|---|
Authors: | Ingman, Caroline |
Supervisor: | Meijer, Johan |
Examiner: | UNSPECIFIED |
Series: | Examensarbete / Institutionen för växtbiologi och skogsgenetik, SLU |
Volume/Sequential designation: | 101 |
Year of Publication: | 2009 |
Level and depth descriptor: | Other |
Student's programme affiliation: | BTEMP Biotechnology Programme 240 HEC |
Supervising department: | (NL, NJ) > Dept. Of Plant Biology |
Keywords: | myrosinase, glucosinolates, cancer, glucosinolate degradation, antibiotic resistance, marine, new antibiotic targets |
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8082 |
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8082 |
Subject. Use of subject categories until 2023-04-30.: | SLU > (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics (until 131231) Human medicine, health, and safety |
Language: | English |
Deposited On: | 20 Oct 2017 11:12 |
Metadata Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2017 11:12 |
Repository Staff Only: item control page