Epsilon Archive for Student Projects

Abstract

The international trade and use of biofuels is rapidly increasing all over the world,
and it is projected to continue the next years according to conclusions in this report.
The main reasons are a global increased demand of energy, an increased awareness
and knowledge of the environment, and the fact that conventional energy resources
are running dry. Traditionally, has biofuels been produced and used within the
same geographical region. This has however started to change due to an increased
international demand. Consumption, production and trade do however differ
between countries due to different conditions for production and consumption of
biofuels.

The intention of this report has been to study the current and future consumption,
production and trade of biofuels in the countries, which are participating in the IEA
bioenergy workgroup Task 40. Participating countries in Task 40 are Brazil,
Canada, Finland, Netherlands Norway and Sweden. The objectives has more
precisely been to give a survey of existing international trade of biofuels of the
studied countries, and a roughly estimate how the trade and use will develop in the
future. In the survey has also driving forces, barriers and structures behind the
existing trade been recognized.

The study has been accomplished through collecting and analyse information from
the six countries. All participating countries has contributed with a Country report,
were crucial information has been presented. Information has also been collected
from literature and policy documents etc. The survey of existing trade has mainly
been based on country reports. The estimation of future trade has been performed
in a few steps. First were crucial factors for the development of biofuels identified
in order to predict the development in each country. The factors that emerged were:
macroeconomic-, geographical-, industrial, technical aspects and development and
policy measures on the energy market. Second, were above factors compared with
real data. And finally were the gathered information put together and analyzed.

In the survey of each countries trade of biofuels can it been seen that the
international trade of biofuels is rapidly increasing; the quantities has in some cases
been double in just one year. For example Netherlands import of biofuels. Barriers
that have been identified in the report are insufficient spreading of existing
technique, institutional obstacles and problems, lack of knowledge and uncertainty,
absence of entrepreneurs, resistance from other interested parties, both through
direct and indirect resistance and lack of global professional logistics. Driving
forces and structures behind existing trade that have been recognized are: raw
material/biomass push, market pull, utilizing the established logistics of existing
trade, incentives and support institutions, technical developments and innovations,
entrepreneurs and innovators, and unexpected opportunities.

In the estimation of future production, use and trade of biofuels has it been
concluded that all studied countries will increase their activity within the bioenergy
field. The countries activities do however differ from each other.

Brazil, Canada and Sweden are likely to heavily increase their production,
consumption and export. This is also the case for Norway the increase will however
be on a more moderate level. Finland and Netherlands are according to this study
likely to increase their consumption and import of biofuels.