"10427","10","archive","12672",,,"disk0/00/01/04/27","2017-07-07 13:14:20","2017-07-07 13:14:20","2017-07-07 13:14:20","C",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Würtz","Mikaela","","","miwu0002@stud.slu.se","1992","Att bedöma hygienisk kvalitet i grovfoder
för hästar","unpub","L02","SLU.id.orga.faculty-VH","7043","","public","bakterier",,"Skicka gärna frågor till us-exarb@slu.se","Denna litteraturstudie behandlar ett urval av metoder för att bedöma hygienisk kvalitet i
grovfoder för hästar. Mikrobiella och makroskopiska undersökningar tas upp såväl som hur
innehållet av mykotoxiner och lipopolysackarider (LPS) i grovfoder kan analyseras. Litteraturstudien
belyser främst de mikroorganismer som vanligen förekommer och analyseras i
grovfoder vilka är mögelsvampar, jästsvampar och bakterier. Fälttorkat hö har undersökts
och visat sig ha en större risk för mögeltillväxt jämfört med skulltorkat hö. Grovfoder har
även undersökts makroskopiskt och mikrobiellt och då dessa två metoders resultat jämfördes
visade det sig att de inte alltid överensstämde. Innehållet av deoxynivalenol (DON) och
LPS undersöktes även i grovfoder med enzymkopplad immunadsorberande analys (ELISA)
respektive limulus amöbocyt lysat (LAL)-test. I studien kompletterades ELISA-testet med
vätskekromatografi-tandem-masspektrometri (LC-MS/MS)-analys och resultaten överensstämde
inte alltid mellan de båda analysmetoderna. Då innehållet av mikroorganismer, LPS
och mykotoxiner undersöktes i halm och hö visade det sig att halmen generellt var av
sämre hygienisk kvalitet än det hö som undersöktes. I en annan studie har även den mikrobiella
kompositionen undersökts före och efter konservering i hösilage som skördats vid
olika tidpunkter. Hösilage som skördats senare påvisades ha ett högre innehåll av enterobakterier,
jästsvampar, mjölksyrabakterier (MSB) samt mögelsvamparter. Valet av substrat
och inkubationstemperatur för att detektera mögelsvamparter- och släkten kan dessutom
påverka resultatet. I en studie användes fyra olika substrat inkluderande bland annat maltextraktagar
(MEA) och dikloran glycerol-agar (DG-18), och inkubationstemperaturerna
37°C respektive 25°C, för att undersöka mögelsvamptillväxt i hösilage. Med MEA och
DG-18 som substrat kunde alla de mögelsvamparterna som identifierades med fyra substrat
detekteras. Hö, hösilage, ensilage och halm är de grovfoder som inkluderats i denna litteraturstudie.","2017-07-05","Examensarbete / Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för husdjurens utfodring och vård (863635)","Examensarbete / Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för husdjurens utfodring och vård","607",,"Uppsala","24","urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-6560",,,,"Bergold, J. (2007). Botulism in Swedish horses. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Veterinärprogrammet
(Examensarbete 2007:11)
Black, J.G. (1996). Microbiology – Principles and Applications. Prentice Hall College. 3. uppl. 2-3,
151, 232-233, 308-311.
Byrne, C.M., O’Kiely, P., Bolton, D.J., Sheridan, J.J., McDowell, D.A. & Blair, I.S. (2002). Fate of
Escherichia coli O157:H7 during silage fermentation. Journal of Food Protection 65 (12), 1854-
1860.
Clevström, G. & Ljunggren, H. (1984). Occurrence of storage fungi, especially aflatoxin-forming
Aspergillus flavus in soil, greenstuff and prepared hay. Journal of Stored Products Research 20,
71-82.
Heron, S.J.E., Wilkinson, J.F. & Duffus, C.M. (1993). Enterobacteria associated with grass and
silages. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 75, 13-17.
Hocking, A.D., Miscamble, B.F. & Pitt, J.I. (1994). Water relations of Alternaria alternata,
Cladosporium cladosporiodes, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Curvularia lunata and Curvularia
pallescens. Mycological Research 98 (1): 91-94.
Jackson, N. & Forbes, T.J. (1970). The voluntary intake by cattle of four silages differing in dry
matter content. Animal Production 12. 591-599.
Jansson, A., Lindberg J.E., Rundgren, M., Müller, C.E., Connysson, M., Kjellberg, L. & Lundberg,
M. (2011). Utfodringsrekommendationer för häst. Rapport 289. Institutionen för husdjurens utfodring
och vård, SLU.
Jonsson, A. (1990). Enumeration and confirmation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in silages using
neutral red, D-cycloserine, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 719-
725.
Kamphues, J. (1986). Lipopolysaccharide in Futtermitteln – mögliche Bedeutung, Bestimmung und
Gehalte. Übersichten. Tierernährung 14, 131-156.
Kamphues, J., Coenen, M., Kienzle, E., Pallauf, J., Simon, O. & Zentek, J. (2004). Supplemente zu
Vorlesungen und Übungen in der Tierernährung. 10. Aufl., Verlag M. Und H. Schaper, Alfeld,
Germany.
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Feeds. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-3422-0.00020-1
Lindgren, S. (1991). Hygienic problems in conserved forage. In: Pahlow, G. & Honig, H. (Eds.).
Forage conservation towards 2000. Landbauforschung Völkenrode, Sonderheft 123, Germany.
177-190.
McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R., Heron, S.J.E. (1991). The biochemistry of silage. 2 uppl. Chalcombe
Publications, Marlow, UK. 52, 91-94, 272.
Müller, C.E. (2005). Fermentation patterns of small-bale silage and haylage produced as feed for
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Department of Animal Nutrition and Management. Vol 44, 1-57.
Müller, C.E., Hultén, C., Gröndahl, G. (2011). Assessment of hygienic quality of haylage fed to
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M.J., Santos, A.S. & Miraglia, N. Wageningen Academic Publishers. EAAP publication No. 132,
237-253.
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of ensiling. In: D.R. Buxton, R.E. Muck & J.H. Harrisson (Eds.). Silage Science and Technology.
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investigation of the concentrations of selected Fusarium mycotoxins and the degree of mold contamination
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of Toxicology and Environmental Health 48, 1-34.
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haylage harvested early, middle and late in the season, Journal of equine veterinary
science. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34, 593-601.
Spoelstra, S.F. (1990). Comparison of the content of clostridial spores in wilted grass silage ensiled
either in laboratory, pilot-scale or farm silos. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38,
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utfodring och vård, SLU.
Stratford, C.H., Mayhew, I.G., Hudson, N.P.H. (2014). Equine botulism: A clinical approach to
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Wichert, B., Nater, S., Wittenbrink, M.M., Wolf, P., Meyer, K., Wanner, M. (2008). Judgement of
hygienic quality of roughage in horse stables in Switzerland. Journal of Animal Physiology and
Animal Nutrition, 92, 432-437.","Müller","Cecilia","","","Cecilia.Muller@slu.se","Pauly","Thomas","","","Thomas.Pauly@slu.se",,"Evaluating hygienic quality in roughages for horses",,"swe","eng",,"VY001","EX0553","15",,,"b",,,"","2017","AgricultureVeterinaryMedForestry",,,
"10427",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"L70",,,,,"jäst",,,"This literature review deals with a selection of methods for assessing the hygienic quality
in roughages for horses. Microbial and macroscopic examinations are included as well as
analyses of mycotoxins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in roughage. The literature review
highlights the microorganisms that are commonly detected and analysed in roughage which
are moulds, yeast and bacteria. Field-dried hay has been investigated and found to be at a
greater risk for mould growth compared to hayloft-dried hay. When roughages were examined
macroscopically and microbially, and when these methods were compared with each
other, it was found that the results did not always correspond. The contents of deoxynivalenol
(DON) and LPS in roughage were also investigated with enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)- and limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assays. The ELISA test was
supplemented with an liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
analysis, and it was shown that the results of the two analyses did not always correspond.
In this study presence of microorganisms and LPS were also investigated in roughage.
Straw was generally of worse hygienic quality than the hay examined. In another study, the
microbial composition in haylage has been investigated before and after conservation in
haylage harvested at different periods in the season. A haylage harvested late in the season
has been shown to have a higher content of enterobacteria, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and
different species of moulds. The choice of substrate and incubation temperature to detect
moulds can also have an impact on the result. In one study, four substrates including e.g
malt extract agar (MEA) and dichloran glycerol (DG-18) agar were used with the incubation
temperatures 37°C and 25°C to investigate mould growth in haylage. With MEA and
DG-18 and these incubation temperatures, all of the fungal species identified with all four
substrates could be detected. Hay, haylage, silage and straw are the roughages that were
included in this literature review.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10427",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LPS",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10427",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"mykotoxiner",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"10427",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"mögel",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,