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Arns, Simon Heinrich, 2025. Seams in the mist : Population differentiation along environmental gradients in four Dipterocarpaceae blume species, and their extended foliar phenotypes. Second cycle, A2E. Umeå: SLU, Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies

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Abstract

Tumbuh-tumbuhan hutan hujan tropika menunjukkan perbezaan genetik molekular yang ketara merentasi skala ruang yang agak kecil secara relatif. Walau bagaimanapun, implikasi perkara ini terhadap ekologi fungsian masih kurang difahami. Bagi mengisi kekosongan ini, buah-buahan daripada progeni liar empat spesies Dipterocarpaceae Blume telah dikumpul dan ditanam sebagai anak pokok di sebuah kebun am di Sabah, Malaysia. Selepas kira-kira dua setengah tahun, ciri-ciri fungsian dan komuniti daun yang berkaitan telah diinventori, dan pengaruh genetik dan persekitaran telah diteliti.

Ketinggian pokok induk dan tanah mempengaruhi ciri-ciri anak pokok dalam keempat-empat spesies. Secara khususnya, pertumbuhan ketinggian dan diameter, jumlah dan keluasan daun spesifik, serta kandungan klorofil, P, dan K pada daun ditentukan secara genetik. Semua ekspresi ciri ini turut dipengaruhi oleh persekitaran, yang secara amnya, memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada warisan genetik.

Tambahan pula, variasi dalam struktur komuniti daun ditentukan secara genetik dalam satu spesies: Shorea johorensis Foxw. Ini adalah penemuan baharu yang meluaskan kajian fenotip lanjutan ke kawasan tropika lembap. Tambahan, dalam keempat-empat spesies terdapat kekangan ciri yang bererti terhadap struktur komuniti, yang ekspresinya ditentukan secara genetik dalam tiga daripadanya. Laluan penuh pengaruh genetik terhadap ekspresi ciri anak pokok dan struktur komuniti daun, kepada pengaruh-ciri terhadap komuniti tersebut diperhatikan dalam S. johorensis.

Penemuan ini penting untuk operasi pemulihan hutan yang bergantung pada penempatan dan pemilihan anak pokok, tetapi juga untuk pemuliharaan kepelbagaian genetik di hutan hujan tropika, memandangkan ancaman baharu semakin meningkat. Pemilihan anak pokok secara pra-penyesuaian yang menunjukkan kombinasi ciri yang menguntungkan mungkin mengehadkan kehilangan kecergasan berkaitan dengan perubahan iklim, baik dalam populasi dipterokarpa mahupun komuniti daunnya. Oleh itu, output pengurusan dapat ditingkatkan.

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Tropical rainforest trees show strong molecular genetic differentiation across relatively small spatial scales. The implications of this for functional ecology are poorly understood however. In order to fill this vacancy, fruits from wild progeny of four species of Dipterocarpaceae Blume were collected and planted as seedlings in a common garden in Sabah, Malaysia. After approximately two and a half years, functional traits and associated foliar communities were inventoried, and genetic and environmental influences investigated.

Mother tree elevation and soil influenced seedling traits in all four species. Specifically, height and diameter growth, total and specific leaf areas, and foliar chlorophyll, P, and K contents were genetically determined. And all these trait-expressions were additionally conditioned by the environment, which, generally, exercised greater influence than genetic heritage.

Furthermore, variation in foliar community structure was genetically determined in one species: Shorea johorensis Foxw. This is a novel discovery expanding the study of extended phenotypes to the humid tropics. In all four species, additionally, there were significant trait-constraints on community structure, whose expressions were genetically determined in three of them. Full pathways from genetic influence on seedling trait expression and foliar community structure, to trait-influence on these communities was observed in S. johorensis.

These findings are significant for restoration operations relying on seedling deployment and selection, but also for the conservation of genetic diversity in tropical rainforests, as novel threats amplify. Pre-adaptively selecting seedlings expressing favorable trait-combinations might limit fitness-loss related to climate change, both in dipterocarp populations and their foliar communities. Therefore improving management outputs.

Main title:Seams in the mist
Subtitle:Population differentiation along environmental gradients in four Dipterocarpaceae blume species, and their extended foliar phenotypes
Authors:Arns, Simon Heinrich
Supervisor:Axelsson, Petter and Ilstedt, Ulrik
Examiner:Holmes, Sheila
Series:Examensarbete / SLU, Institutionen för vilt, fisk och miljö
Volume/Sequential designation:2025:29
Year of Publication:2025
Level and depth descriptor:Second cycle, A2E
Student's programme affiliation:SY001 Forest Science - Master's Programme 300 HEC
Supervising department:(S) > Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies
Keywords:biodiversity, Borneo, Dipterocarpaceae, evolution, extended phenotype, plant economic spectrum, plant genetics, progeny trial, tree functional traits, tropical rainforest ecology
URN:NBN:urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-21790
Permanent URL:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-21790
Language:English
Deposited On:14 Oct 2025 14:50
Metadata Last Modified:15 Oct 2025 14:17

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