Epsilon Archive for Student Projects

Abstract

The wild service tree (Torminalis glaberrima) is a rare, light-demanding broadleaved species
valued for its high-quality timber and potential contribution to climate-resilient forestry in Europe.
This study presents results from the first seed source trial of the species in England, evaluating nine
European seed sources — from England, France, Germany, and Italy — over the first four growing
seasons. The wild service tree was planted in a mixed-species design alongside pedunculate oak
(Quercus robur), field maple (Acer campestre), and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). Survival, growth,
stem form, crown architecture, and phenology were assessed across three somewhat contrasting sites
to identify suitable material for future timber production.
Significant differences were observed between seed sources, with clear evidence of both genetic
and site-level environmental influences. Two continental seed sources consistently outperformed
the others in growth, stem form, and branching structure. Four seed sources showed intermediate
performance with good potential, while three — including all English origins — exhibited slower
growth and higher rates of forking and dieback. Site effects were also pronounced, with growth
performance strongly linked to soil structure, topography, and early establishment management.
Phenological observations revealed distinct genetic patterns in spring flushing and autumn
dormancy, with the top-performing continental seed sources exhibiting earlier bud burst and longer
growing seasons. While this trait may enhance growth under mild conditions, it also implies an
increased risk of frost damage — although no such damage was observed during the study period.
Crown architecture and pruning requirements were closely linked to growth and stem form,
underscoring the importance of integrated selection criteria when evaluating seed source
performance.
The results indicate potentially promising seed sources for high-quality timber production under
southern English conditions and provide early evidence of the species’ silvicultural potential.
Continued monitoring, expanded geographic testing, and targeted breeding efforts are recommended
to support the broader deployment of wild service tree in climate-resilient forestry strategies.