Epsilon Archive for Student Projects

Abstract

Understanding the behavioural ecology of reproductive female snow leopards (Panthera uncia) is critical to improving conservation efforts for this elusive and vulnerable species. This study investigates how maternal snow leopard activity patterns shift across reproductive stages and cub development, using GPS collars equipped with dual-axis accelerometers to capture high-resolution movement and activity data. Two complementary analytical approaches, activity overlap analysis and Generalised Additive Models (GAMs), were employed to examine diel rhythms in relation to reproductive status. Findings reveal that reproductive females exhibit significantly altered activity patterns compared to non-reproducing counterparts, particularly during the denning phase. Activity is notably reduced during dawn and night, with a distinct dusk peak and a recurring midday activity component in early cub rearing. These patterns gradually shift and elevate as cubs mature, with crepuscular rhythms re-emerging and overall activity increasing in response to growing energetic demands. Temporal behaviour was closely aligned with cub developmental milestones, including increased mobility and the transition to solid food. These insights have clear conservation relevance. Denning females face heightened physiological and ecological vulnerability, which may be exacerbated by climate change and human disturbance in multi-use landscapes. Recognising these fine-scale behavioural shifts enables more targeted conservation interventions, such as minimizing disturbance during denning periods and maintaining access to water and secure habitat. This study highlights the value of integrating behavioural ecology into conservation planning, especially for solitary carnivores with extended maternal investment.