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Klöckner, Philipp, 2015. From source to tap : a case study of organic contaminants in raw and drinking water in the region of Uppsala, Sweden. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: SLU, Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment

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Abstract

In this study, water samples from the surroundings of Uppsala were examined for residues of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other contaminants characteristic for human fecal contamination. The aim was to perform a screening of water samples to investigate the level of pollution with the mentioned compound groups. Samples were taken from upstream and downstream river water, lake water, a drinking water treatment plant and treated drinking water. The contaminants were extracted from water samples with two different solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Identification and quantification was achieved via separation with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) followed by positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Out of 17 analyzed contaminants, 9 could be detected in environmental samples of which 5 were detected in finished drinking water. None of the targeted pesticides were found in environmental samples or drinking water. The average method recovery was 51% and 39% depending on the extraction method. The limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.07 ng L-1 up to 74 ng L-1. Contaminant concentrations in environmental samples ranged from 0.55 ng L-1 to 40 ng L-1 and in drinking water from 0.22 ng L-1 to 8.0 ng L-1. Compounds detected were atenolol, benzoylecgonine, bezafibrate, caffeine, carbamazepine, co-tinine, diclofenac, metoprolol and nicotine. Compounds not detected were atrazine, cyanazine, isoproturon, ketoprofen, monensin, quinmerac and simazine. The results show that several of the target analytes were present in the environment and in drinking water at low but measurable concentrations, which shows that the drinking water treatment plant is not able to successfully remove the contaminants with conventional treatment techniques. A pilot plant with membrane technology is ineffective as well, except when coupled to granular activated carbon (GAC). Risk quotients were determined and revealed that no hazards for human health or aquatic organisms can be expected from the detected contaminant concentrations.

Main title:From source to tap
Subtitle:a case study of organic contaminants in raw and drinking water in the region of Uppsala, Sweden
Authors:Klöckner, Philipp
Supervisor:Wiberg, Karin and Tröger, Rikard
Examiner:Josefsson, Sarah
Series:UNSPECIFIED
Volume/Sequential designation:UNSPECIFIED
Year of Publication:2015
Level and depth descriptor:Second cycle, A2E
Student's programme affiliation:NM025 EnvEuro - European Master in Environmental Science 120 HEC
Supervising department:(NL, NJ) > Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment
Keywords:drinking water, water quality, raw water, water contamination, from source to tap, water treatment, persistent pollutants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, surface water, screening, Sweden, Lake Ekoln, Lake Mälaren, SPE, LC-MS, PPCP
URN:NBN:urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-4956
Permanent URL:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-4956
Subject. Use of subject categories until 2023-04-30.:Water resources and management
Pollution
Chemistry
Language:English
Deposited On:02 Nov 2015 15:17
Metadata Last Modified:02 Nov 2015 15:17

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